CCS Course on 'Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences'

Social Theory of Knowledge Production

Unit I

a) Social theory: Definition and Scope – Knowledge: Theoretical Preliminaries – Ontology – Epistemology – Phenomenology

Readings

Pojman, Theory of Knowledge: Classic and Contemporary Readings, 3rd edn. Wadsworth, 2003.
Karl Popper, Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. 1972
Preyer, G./Siebelt, F./Ulfig, A. Language, Mind and Epistemology, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1997
Rand, Ayn. Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology, New York: Meridian. 1979
Steup, Matthias. "Knowledge and Scepticism", Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, Peter Sosa and Matthias Steup (eds.): 1-13. 2005
Tomberlin, James (ed.). Philosophical Perspectives 13, Epistemology, Blackwell Publishing. 1999
Peter Sosa and Matthias Steup (ed.), Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, 2005
Heritage J., "The Phenomenological Input", in Garfinkel and Ethnomethodology. 1984: 37-74.

b) Knowledge and Reality: Socio-historical context of knowledge production – Forms of truth claims and their socio-historical contexts – Knowledge as construct : Hegel and Durkheim - Subjectivist approach – Relativist approach – Rhetoric of Inquiry – Foucault’s Discourse Analysis – Theory of Knowledge as Social Theory : Habermas – Bourdieu’s theory and Scientific Knowledge Production

Readings:

Berger P. and T. Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge, 1984.
Berger P. and Luckmann T. "Introduction." The Social Construction of Reality. 1984:13-30.
Karp, David A. et al. "Culture and the Organization of Everyday Life." Sociology in Everyday Life. 1993:5-36.
McCarthy E. D. "Introduction", Knowledge as Culture, 1996:1-10. “What is Knowledge” pp. 11-26 in McCarthy, Op.cit
Mannheim K. "The Sociological Conception of Thought." Ideology and Utopia, P. 1-5.
Schutz A. and T. Luckmann The Structures of the Life World, Vol I, 1973:243-331.
Berger P., "Identity as a Problem in the Sociology of Knowledge" in Curtis et al. The Sociology of Knowledge. pp. 373-384.
Foucault, M. The Archaeology of Knowledge, Random House, 1972.
Foucault, M. "Truth and Power" in Power/knowledge: Selected Interviews & Other Writings by Michel Foucault, 1972-1977
Bourdieu, P. Outline of a Theory of Practice, Cambridge University Press, 1977 (1972).
Berger P., "Identity as a Problem in the Sociology of Knowledge" in Curtis et al. The Sociology of Knowledge. pp. 373-384.
Palmer D. D. "Michel Foucault", in Strucuralism and Poststructuralism for Beginners. 1998: 87-122.
Walker T. Knowledge and Reflexivity, 1988: 55-79.

Unit II
Science and Technology: Science and Knowledge Production – Science and its Objects of Analysis that are Ontologically and Epistemologically Objective – Non-sciences and their Objects of Analysis that are Ontologically and Epistemologically subjective

Readings

Mulkay, M. Science and the Sociology of Knowledge. 1985:1-26.
Callon M. "Four Models for the Dynamics of Science", in Jasanoff et al. (eds.) Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. 1995:29-63.
Latour, B. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, Harvard University Press, 1987.
John P. van Gigch, “Comparing the Epistemologies of Scientific Disciplines in Two Distinct Domains: Modern Physics versus Social Sciences”, I & II, Systems Research and Behavioural Science, 19 Series, 465 & 466. 2002. pp.199-209 & 551-562. respectively
Collins, H.M. Changing order: Replication and induction in scientific practice. London: Sage. 1985
Gilbert, G. N. & Mulkay, M. Opening Pandora’s box: A sociological analysis of scientists’ discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1984
Pickering, A. Constructing Quarks: A sociological history of particle physics. Chicago; University of Chicago Press. 1984
Latour, B. & Woolgar, S. Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts. 2nd Edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1986
Feyerabend, P. Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge London, 1975
Lakatos, I. Proofs and Refutations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1976
Feyerabend, P. For and Against Method: Including Lakatos's Lectures on Scientific Method and the Lakatos-Feyerabend Correspondence with Imre Lakatos, London, 1999
Kuhn, T. S. The structure of scientific revolutions (2nd ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
Kuhn, T.S. The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1977.

Unit III
Knowledge and Gender: Engendered Knowledge – Social Theory of Gender – Science and Gender – Technology and Gender

Readings

McCarthy E. D. "Engendered Knowledge." Knowledge as Culture. 1996: 85-105.
Haraway D., "Situated Knowledge: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective" in Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature, 1991: 183- 202.
Wajcman, J. "Feminist Theories of Technology", in Jasanoff et. al. Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. 1995:189-204.
Keller E. F., "The Origin, and Politics of the Subject Called 'Gender and Science'", in Handbook for Science and Technology Studies. 1995.
Martin E., "Body Narratives, Body Boundaries", in Grossberg (ed.) Cultural Studies. Pp. 409-423.
Fox M. F., "Women and Scientific Careers", in Handbook for Science and Technology Studies, 1995: 205-224.
Haraway D., "Teddy Bear Patriarchy", in Primate Visions. Routledge. London. 1989.

Thematic Highlights/ Debates
A. Science-as-Knowledge/ science-as-practice: some consequences of the Kuhnian "revolution".
Taking off from certain shifts in the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge, this discussion will attempt to offer some pointers to the changing relationship, or the change in the way the relationship is perceived, between the social and natural sciences in the light of this shift. This will also take on board the question - what constituted the positivity of the human sciences?
Required Readings:

Andrew Pickering. Ed. 1992. Preface to Science as Practice and Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Andrew Pickering. The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency, and Science. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

B. Examining claims of objectivity in history and anthropology
This discussion examines the claims for objectivity made by the disciplines of history and anthropology as the foundational justification of their existence. Both disciplines have had particular notions of humanity as the centre of their study. While the discipline of history straddled a divide between fact and interpretation from the end of the eighteenth century on, to lay claim to the authority enjoyed by the natural sciences, the discipline of anthropology as an account of the organization of human society, derived its credibility in the late nineteenth century from the earlier consolidation of the human sciences. This session traces how the promise of each discipline to deliver a faithful realist representation of its object of study has been debated over time.
Required readings:

Hayden White. 1978. “The Burden of History”, in Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press.
Clifford Geertz. 2002. “Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight”. In The Masculinity Studies Reader. Eds. Rachel Adams, David Savran. Massachussetts: Blackwell Publishing.

C. Visuality:
How are human beings culturally and socially trained to understand what they see? In the first part we will examine how notions of what is realistic came into being in painting, photography and cinema. In the second part we will discuss popular cinema and images generated by scientific research as instances that demonstrate the complex ways in which we learn to make sense of what we see.
Learning to See I: Is what is Realistic really Real? The Realism debate.
Required Readings:

Simon Goldhill. 1996. "Refracting Classical Vision: Changing Cultures of Viewing". In Teresa Brennan and Martin Jay, eds. Vision in Context: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Sight. New York: Routledge.
Jonathan Crary. 1990. "Modernity and the Problem of the Observer", in Crary, Techniques of the Observer: on Vision and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Learning to See II: Technology and the 'irrational'. The place of Images. Understanding the role of images in cinema, in the visual arts and in scientific practice.
Required Readings:

Langmuir. Pathological Science. (Colloquium at The Knolls Research Laboratory, December 18, 1953). Transcribed and edited by R. N. Hall
Gould. Stephen Jay. 1989. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. New York: WW Norton.
Metz, Christian. 1977. The Imaginary Signifier: Psychoanalysis and the Cinema. Indiana University Press: Bloomington, Indianapolis.

D. Literary studies as a discipline has a specific kind of origin in the English-speaking world, going back to the 19th century. The main object of study, "literature", also comes into being in its present-day sense roughly at the time of the Industrial Revolution. Today this object is surrounded by different sorts of practices of reading and interpretation, some of which have come to be seen as obvious and natural. This session gives an overview of the history of interpretation in literary studies, concluding with Jacques Derrida's essay which - drawing on concerns from linguistics and philosophy - posed a radical challenge to conventional notions of interpretation.

Required readings:
Jacques Derrida, “Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences”. In A Postmodern Reader. 1993. Eds. Joseph Natoli and Linda Hutcheon. State University of New York Press.
Recommended readings:

Raymond Williams. 1983. Culture and Society, 1780-1950. New York: Columbia University Press.
Catherine Belsey. 2002. Critical Practice. London: Routledge.
Jacques Derrida, Newton Garver (preface), David B. Allison (transl). 1979. Speech and Phenomena and Other Essays on Husserl’s Theory of Signs. Northwestern University Press.
---------. 1994. transl. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Of Grammatology. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.

E. The second part of the session will look at the trajectory of objectivity in the field of feminist science studies, to place on board some work on unpacking objectivity.
Required Readings:

Andrew Pickering. Ed. 1992. Preface to Science as Practice and Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Andrew Pickering. The Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency, and Science. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Donna Haraway, 1996. “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective.” In Feminism and Science, eds. Evelyn Fox Keller & Helen E. Longino. New York: OUP.

Recommended readings:
Donna Haraway,1991 “The Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology and Socialist Feminism in the late Twentieth Century”. In The Cybercultures Reader. London: Routledge.

Course Schedule:
(based on events in 2008, reverse chronological order.)

*“Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences”*
Session 18: Is knowledge production by natural scientists influenced by their political leanings and their world-view?
by
Raghavendra Gadagkar (Professor and JC Bose National Fellow, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science & Chairman, Centre for Contemporary Studies, IISc, Bangalore) [No specific reading is required before the lecture. Readings will be suggested during the lecture]
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 20th December, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*
Session 17:Knowledge Production in Archaeology through Ethnography and Theory
by
Shereen Ratnagar Retd. Professor of Archaeology, Jawaharlal Nehru University
Knowledge Production in Archaeology through Ethnography and Theory: This session seeks to examine ways in which ethnography fills the gaps in archaeological data and social theory helps production of knowledge out of archaeological relics. It is about the methodological dialogue between past objects and present practices through the mediation of theory.
Day, Date & Time: Thursday, 11th December, 2008, 4:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 16: What do we ‘Know' in Literary Studies
by
Tejaswini Niranjana Senior Fellow, Centre for the Study of Culture and Society, Bangalore What do we 'know in literary studies: This session will look at the history of the act of interpretation in literary studies (a) with a view to tracking what was sought to be ‘known’ and (b) to understand how the term ‘literature’ itself has been contested. Suggested readings Jacques Derrida, Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences. In A Postmodern Reader. 1993. Eds. Joseph Natoli and Linda Hutcheon. State University of New York Press. Susie Tharu, Government, Binding and Unbinding: Alienation and the Subject of Literature. In Subject to Change: Teaching Literature in the Nineties. 1998. Ed. Susie Tharu. Orient Longman Limited.
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 29th November, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 15(A): Scientific method and the objectivity question
by Prof. Shefali Moitra, Retd. Professor, Department of Philosophy, Jadavpur University Formerly Director, School of Womens Studies, Jadavpur University
Scientific method and the objectivity question: Modern European science owes allegiance to objectivity at two levels: at the level of data collection and at the level of theory construction. Objectivity does not carry the same sense at both levels. At the object level there is the problem of under-determination. At the theoretical level there is the problem of proving a proof. Absence of objectivity is inversely related to the presence of subjectivity. Subjectivity could be located in an individual, in a group in an institution or in theory itself. This session looks at the ways in which feminists have identified three levels of subjectivity in scientific method and scientific practice: (a) at the level of hypothesis formation, (b) at the level of hypothesis testing, (c) at the level of application
Session 15(B): Everyday insults, seductions and challenges in the contemporary structuring of gender and childhood relations: some implications for feminist antiracist analysis
by Prof. Erica Burman, Professor of Psychology and Women's Studies at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK, and Chair of the Psychology of Women Section of the British Psychological Society
Everyday insults, seductions and challenges in the contemporary structuring of gender and childhood relations: This session draws on gender and cultural critiques of developmental psychology to address current configurations of the child-woman relationship within contemporary cultural-geopolitical contexts, also warning of the dangers of eliding feminism and feminization.
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 15th November, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 14: Discussion of Participant Paper abstracts
Prof. Gurukkal will be discussing the abstracts of course papers. We hope to discuss the abstracts submitted hitherto. Those who have not submitted abstracts yet are also invited to bring in their abstracts during the session itself, so that these too can be discussed.
Day, Date & Time: Thursday, 13th November, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 13: Stones from Greece: Settlements, Temples and Statues
by Prof. Dr. Luca Giuliani, Rector, Institute for Advanced Study, Berlin , Germany
Luca Giuliani studied Greek and Roman archaeology, social anthropology and Italian literature in Basel and Munich. He received his PhD in Basel in 1975. From 1982 to 1992 he was a curator at the Berliner Antikensammlung. Between 1992 and 1998 he was Professor of Greek and Roman archaeology at the University of Freiburg and from 1998 to 2007 at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Munich. Since April 2007 he has been the Director of the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin (Institute for Advanced Study) and Professor at the Humboldt-University in Berlin.
ABSTRACT What kind of knowledge is generated by archeology, a historical discipline that is focused not on texts, but on speechless artefacts? I will mainly pay attention to stones, concentrating on three different phaenomena: on settlements (and democracy), on temples (and precision), on archaic sculpture (and evolution).
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 8th November, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 12: At the Service of Justice - A view on Science and its changing relationship with Law and Justice
by Kakarala Sitharamam Director, Centre for the Study of Culture and Society, Bangalore
At the Service of Justice: The focus on the relationship between science and justice is not new, though it was primarily done from the vantage point of instrumentality, of ‘serving the cause of justice’. This was especially so in the case of Criminal Justice, where the development of forensic science, and developments in bio- and medical technologies is always seen as instrumentalities of justice. While this trend continues even today, recent research, both in Science Technology Studies (STS) as well as Law and Human Rights, has begun to highlight deeper concerns about the impact of scientific advancements on the human subject and subjectivity. This discussion aims to present some key issues in both the debates as a way of beginning a conversation on the changing relationship between science and justice.
Suggested readings UNESCO, Universal Declaration on Biomedical Ethics and Human Rights, 2006. Katherine Hayles, Liberal Subjectivity Imperilled: Norbert Wiener and Cybernetic Anxiety, from How We Became Posthuman : Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics (1999). Scott Lash, Technological Forms of Life, Theory, Culture and Society 18(1), 2001. Sheila Jasanoff, Ordering Life: Law and the Normalisation of Biotechnology, 2000. Marcy Darnovsky, Human Rights in a Post-Human Future, in Rights and Liberties in the Biotech Age, edited by Sheldon Krimsky and Peter Shorett (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005)
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 25th October, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 11: Reflections on Postcolonial Knowledge Production
by Prof. Rajan Gurukkal Sundararajan Visiting Professor, CCS
Reflections on Postcolonial Knowledge Production: This session seeks to review questions raised in the preceding session, taking into account various decolonising initiatives on knowledge production taken up in the postcolonial exercise in particular.
Suggested readings 1. Ashcroft, Griffiths & Tiffin, 2002. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures. New York, Routledge. Introduction. 2. Tiffin & Lawson, 1994. De-scribing Empire: Post-colonialism and Textuality. New York, Routledge. Chapter 1. 3. Gayatri Spivak, 1999. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present. London, Harvard University Press. Introduction.
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 18th October, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 10: Decolonising Knowledge Production
by Prof. Rajan Gurukkal Sundararajan Visiting Professor, CCS
Decolonising Knowledge Production: This session seeks to review demands for decolonising knowledge production, the intellectual responses to them, and entailing epistemological results.	pdf of presentation is available here
Suggested readings 1. Ashcroft, Griffiths & Tiffin, 2002. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures. New York, Routledge. Introduction. 2. Tiffin & Lawson, 1994. De-scribing Empire: Post-colonialism and Textuality. New York, Routledge. Chapter 1. 3. Gayatri Spivak, 1999. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present. London, Harvard University Press. Introduction.
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 11th October, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*“Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences”*

Session 9:Knowledge Production beyond the Limits of Modernity
by Prof. Rajan Gurukkal Sundararajan Visiting Professor, CCS
Knowledge Production beyond the Limits of Modernity: This session seeks to survey the historical and epistemological shift of knowledge production from context-free general laws to context-specific local particulars.	pdf of presentation is available here
Suggested readings Drayfuss & Rabinau eds. 1983. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Introduction. Foucault, Michel. 2002. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. Chapter 1. Lyotard, Jean François. 1984. The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Introduction.
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 4th October, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 8: Epistemological contrasts between science and social science
by Prof. Rajan Gurukkal Sundararajan Visiting Professor, CCS
Epistemological contrasts between science and social science: This session will provide a historical perspective on the construction of epistemological contrasts between science and social science.	pdf of presentation is available here
Suggested readings John P. van Gigch, "Comparing the Epistemologies of Scientific Disciplines in Two Distinct Domains: Modern Physics versus Social Sciences", I & II, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 19 Series, 465 & 466. 2002. pp.199-209 & 551-562, respectively.
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 27th September, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 7: The Constitution of the Social Science	pdf of presentation is available here
by Prof. Rajan Gurukkal Sundararajan Visiting Professor, CCS
This session seeks to explore the intellectual efforts and historical process of separating societal knowledge from philosophy that help to bring it under the rubric of 'science.'
Suggested readings John P. van Gigch, "Comparing the Epistemologies of Scientific Disciplines in Two Distinct Domains: Modern Physics versus Social Sciences", I & II, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 19 Series, 465 & 466. 2002. pp.199-209 & 551-562, respectively.
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 20th September, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 6: From science to social science
by Prof. Rajan Gurukkal Sundararajan Visiting Professor, CCS
This session will conduct an overview of the way science influenced the non-sciences and structured their epistemology.
Suggested readings John P. van Gigch, "Comparing the Epistemologies of Scientific Disciplines in Two Distinct Domains: Modern Physics versus Social Sciences", I & II, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 19 Series, 465 & 466. 2002. pp.199-209 & 551-562, respectively.
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 13th September, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 5: The Structure of Knowledge Systems of Traditional India	pdf of presentation is available here
by Prof. Rajan Gurukkal Sundararajan Visiting Professor, CCS
The Structure of Knowledge Systems of Traditional India: This session will undertake a discussion of the structure and composition of the knowledge systems of traditional India.
Further readings will be suggested after the discussion.
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 6th September, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 4: Thomas Kuhn a different approach to philosophies of science? And what about other traditions?	pdf of presentation is available here
by Asha Achuthan Research scholar, CSCS and Prof. Rajan Gurukkal Sundararajan Visiting Professor, CCS
Thomas Kuhn a different approach to philosophies of science?
This session will attempt to highlight some debates in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science that were quilted by the famous work on scientific revolutions by Thomas Kuhn. Through a close examination of his trajectories, we will generally examine his position on, and in, the function of science, and its role vis-à-vis reality, as also re-examine the understanding of his contributions to histories and sociologies of science. The second part of the session will introduce a juxtaposition of the questions raised by Kuhn and others with the structure of knowledge in Indian traditions, prefatory to taking up these questions in greater detail in following sessions.
*Recommended* reading - Kuhn, T. S. The structure of scientific revolutions (2nd ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
*Further suggested readings* Mulkay, M. Science and the Sociology of Knowledge. 1985:1-26. Callon M. "Four Models for the Dynamics of Science", in Jasanoff et al. (eds.) Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. 1995:29-63. Latour, B. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, Harvard University Press, 1987. John P. van Gigch, "Comparing the Epistemologies of Scientific Disciplines in Two Distinct Domains: Modern Physics versus Social Sciences", I & II, Systems Research and Behavioural Science, 19 Series, 465 & 466. 2002. pp.199-209 & 551-562. respectively Collins, H.M. Changing order: Replication and induction in scientific practice. London: Sage. 1985 Gilbert, G. N. & Mulkay, M. Opening Pandora's box: A sociological analysis of scientists' discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1984 Pickering, A. Constructing Quarks: A sociological history of particle physics. Chicago; University of Chicago Press. 1984 Latour, B. & Woolgar, S. Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts. 2nd Edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1986 Feyerabend, P. Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge London, 1975 Lakatos, I. Proofs and Refutations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1976 Feyerabend, P. For and Against Method: Including Lakatos's Lectures on Scientific Method and the Lakatos-Feyerabend Correspondence with Imre Lakatos, London, 1999. Kuhn, T.S. The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1977.

Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 30th August, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 3: The Structure of Scientific Knowledge by Prof. Rajan Gurukkal Sundararajan Visiting Professor, CCS
The Structure of Scientific Knowledge - This session will look at science as a form of organization of knowledge in terms of structure and composition.
This and the following two sessions will draw on the following readings – Mulkay, M. Science and the Sociology of Knowledge. 1985:1-26. Callon M. "Four Models for the Dynamics of Science", in Jasanoff et al. (eds.) Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. 1995:29-63. Latour, B. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, Harvard University Press, 1987. John P. van Gigch, “Comparing the Epistemologies of Scientific Disciplines in Two Distinct Domains: Modern Physics versus Social Sciences”, I & II, Systems Research and Behavioural Science, 19 Series, 465 & 466. 2002. pp.199-209 & 551-562. respectively Collins, H.M. Changing order: Replication and induction in scientific practice. London: Sage. 1985 Gilbert, G. N. & Mulkay, M. Opening Pandora’s box: A sociological analysis of scientists’ discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1984 Pickering, A. Constructing Quarks: A sociological history of particle physics. Chicago; University of Chicago Press. 1984 Latour, B. & Woolgar, S. Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts. 2nd Edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1986 Feyerabend, P. Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge London, 1975 Lakatos, I. Proofs and Refutations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1976 Feyerabend, P. For and Against Method: Including Lakatos's Lectures on Scientific Method and the Lakatos-Feyerabend Correspondence with Imre Lakatos, London, 1999. Kuhn, T. S. The structure of scientific revolutions (2nd ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970. Kuhn, T.S. The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1977.
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 23rd August, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

*Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

Session 2: The theory of knowledge by Prof. Rajan Gurukkal Sundararajan Visiting Professor, CCS
The theory of knowledge - an overview of theories of knowledge
Suggested reading: Feyerabend P.K. "Knowledge and the Role of Theories", in Philosophy of the social sciences, 1988, vol. 18, no 2, pp. 157-78.
Day, Date & Time: Saturday, 16th August, 2008, 2:00 p.m.

INAUGURATION OF THE SECOND EDITON OF THE COURSE ON *Production of Knowledge in the Natural and Social Sciences*

on Saturday, 9th August 2008, 2:00 p.m.

PROGRAMME
Introduction and Welcome : Prof. Raghavendra Gadagkar and Dr. Tejaswini Niranjana Address and Inauguration: Prof. U. R. Ananthamurthy and Prof. Obaid Siddiqi Vote of Thanks: Dr. Asha Achuthan
*Tea/Coffee and Snacks (at about 3.00 p.m.)*
Followed by the First Lecture of the Course:
Knowledge Production - Historical Antecedents"
by *Prof. Rajan Gurukkal* Sundararajan Visiting Professor, CCS

More information about this course is available here.

Phone: 91-80-2360 1429; Fax: 91-80-2360 2121
E-mail: ragh[at]ces.iisc.ernet.in
URL: http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/hpg/ragh/ccs/

Introduction and Welcome : Prof. Raghavendra Gadagkar and Dr. Tejaswini Niranjana

Address and Inauguration: Prof. U. R. Ananthamurthy and Prof. Obaid Siddiqi

Vote of Thanks: Dr. Asha Achuthan

Tea/Coffee and Snacks (at about 3.00 p.m.)